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Topic

Localizing the Sustainable Development Goals in the Greater Victoria Area: “It’s the Little Things that Count”

School of Public Administration

Date & location

• Thursday, April 3, 2025
• 11:30 A.M.
• Virtual Defence

Examining Committee

Supervisory Committee

• Dr. Walter Lepore, School of Public Administration, University of Victoria (Supervisor)
• Prof. Evert Lindquist, School of Public Administration, UVic (Member)

External Examiner

• Dr. Crystal Tremblay, Department of Geography, UVic

Chair of Oral Examination

• Dr. Purnima Govindarajulu, School of Environmental Studies, UVic

Abstract

This thesis explores the development and implementation of a Voluntary Local Review (VLR) to localize the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) within the Greater Victoria Area (GVA). It examines key challenges and opportunities arising from the region’s multi-jurisdictional governance system and provides actionable recommendations for policymakers to advance SDG localization. Four research questions guide this study: 1) What strategies, policies, and best practices from cities that have successfully implemented VLRs can be drawn upon to inform SDG localization in the GVA? 2) How can these lessons be adapted to the specific context of the GVA to enhance SDG localization efforts? 3) How have cities with successful localization efforts integrated stakeholder engagement and collaboration by incorporating multiple municipalities within their city to align their SDGs to create strategies for implementing VLRs? 4) What are the challenges and barriers faced by cities during the process of implementing localized agendas and VLRs for SDG localization, and what mitigation strategies and solutions have been employed to overcome these challenges?

In order to answer these questions, the study focuses on: (1) analyzing successful VLR models to guide tailored recommendations for the GVA, (2) assessing how localized SDG targets can be developed in complex governance contexts, and (3) offering strategies to implement a territorial approach to the SDGs, contributing to the global agenda. Using a realist synthesis, taxonomic analysis, and key informant interviews, the research provides context-specific insights for the GVA's VLR.

Chapter 1 outlines the research problem, objectives, and the governance context of the GVA and the Capital Regional District (CRD). Chapter 2 reviews the literature on SDG localization, analyzing case studies of cities with VLRs to identify common challenges and best practices. It also presents an analytical framework illustrating the logical flow of the methodology, preliminary findings, and results.

Chapter 3 details the research design, including collective case studies, realist synthesis, and Spradley’s taxonomic analysis. The VLRs of 11 cities were initially examined, narrowing to four based on their relevance to the GVA. A typology of governance, measurement, and implementation models was developed to compare these cities’ practices with primary data from interviews, assessing the most suitable VLR model for the GVA.

Chapter 4 presents preliminary findings from secondary data analysis, which identified models of VLR development in multi-jurisdictional, medium-sized cities. Chapter 5 provides insights from interviews with GVA stakeholders, shedding light on governance, SDG measurement frameworks, and policy implementation. These findings informed the preferred VLR model for the GVA.

Chapter 6 addresses the research questions. For strategies, policies, and best practices (research question 1), the study recommends a hybrid governance model that integrates local leadership with external support, data-driven mapping with transparent systems, cross-sector collaboration, and policy alignment with SDG frameworks. Case studies from Thunder Bay and Orlando highlight the importance of combining internal expertise with external guidance, clear indicators, and inclusive stakeholder engagement to drive SDG localization. These practices can be adapted in the GVA to ensure equity and reflect local priorities.

For adapting lessons to the GVA (research question 2), the research emphasizes hybrid governance, data transparency, cross-sector collaboration, comprehensive policy alignment, and equitable approaches as critical components for tailoring SDG localization to the region’s unique governance structure.

Regarding stakeholder engagement across multiple municipalities (research question 3), the study finds that cities with VLRs rarely integrate SDG efforts across multiple jurisdictions due to political and logistical challenges. However, consistent metrics and benchmarks could streamline regional coordination, especially on shared priorities like climate action. Another approach involves categorizing SDG thematic areas that align with each municipality’s strengths, reducing duplication, and fostering collaboration.

Lastly, on challenges and solutions for VLR implementation (research question 4), the research identifies staffing shortages, financial constraints, political will, and data complexity as significant barriers. In rectifying these challenges, the research suggests applying solutions that involve partnerships with external organizations, hybrid funding models, and collecting localized data on the SDGs to embed municipal planning into the VLR to ensure its long-term commitment and sustainability.

Chapter 7 makes six key recommendations for municipalities in the CRD to implement a VLR. These recommendations address the CRD's multi-jurisdictional governance challenges, align local SDG priorities with global frameworks, and overcome practical barriers such as resource constraints, political will, and stakeholder engagement.

Chapter 8 emphasizes collaborative governance, transparent measurement systems, and Indigenous engagement as crucial to creating a successful VLR. While this study focuses on four municipalities within the GVA, future research should expand to include broader CRD municipalities and Indigenous nations. The GVA is well-positioned to set an example for other medium-sized cities in Canada and globally by localizing the SDGs through a VLR. Policymakers and researchers can build on these findings to advance the 2030 Agenda, ensuring long-term regional benefits from the SDGs.